History of Roads - Inventions for Traffic Management

Low or marginally flexible pavements are made with emulsion products and are wide used. In low flexibility applications, the aggregate material and the pave product are separately applied to the waybed and there entangled to form the pavement. Highly flexible applications utilize more pave and are used in those instances where there are steep wheel loads and high traffic volumes (Ibid. 178).

Asphalt pavements trifle a combination of mineral, aggregate and mineral pitchic material which is constructed in various types and thicknesses. Wheel loading, for which a pavement structure is designed, g all overns the congress thickness of the pavement and the type of construction method to be used.

Thin asphalt pavements provide an economical wearing tier for lightly travelled roads. Although there is little order added to the road in terms of load support, this type of road bequeath furnish an all-weather surface and protect the underlying surfaces from wrong by traffic and the forces of nature. The ability of thin asphalt pavements to utter light traffic wheel loads is considered good.

Heavy-duty asphalt pavements (Martin and Wallace 1) are usually three inches or more in thickness and offer much in the way of value added to the strength and load bearing support value of the boilers suit road structure. As a rule of thumb, an subjoin in road strength value is directly proportional to the increase in thickness of the pavement.

Therefore, by doubling the life and reducing the maintenance, asphalt no-count-based system be will equal conventional chip costs over a 12-year period (Ibid.).

Keyser, Joseph Kode and Ruth, Byron E. "Analysis of Asphalt Concrete testify Road Sections in the Province of Quebec, Canada," Transportation Research evince #968. Washington D.C.: Transportation Research Board--National Research

To counter the negative influences of rebuke cracking, asphalt mixes have been modified through the addition of rubber additives. In most applications, the addition of typically 1.5 percent to 5 percent of a rubber material (often latex based) has proven to be most effective.

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